Statement And Conclusion Questions Placement
Statement and Conclusion Questions for Placement 2026 (with Answers)
Last Updated: March 2026
Statement and Conclusion questions are a staple in placement exams conducted by TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Cognizant, Accenture, HCL, Tech Mahindra, and Capgemini. These questions test your ability to determine whether a given conclusion logically follows from the provided statement(s).
Understanding Statement-Conclusion Questions
Types of Conclusions
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Definitely True | Must follow from the statement | If "All A are B" and "All B are C", then "All A are C" |
| Probably True | Likely but not certain | If "Most students passed", then "Rahul probably passed" |
| Definitely False | Contradicts the statement | If "All birds can fly", then "Penguins can fly" is false |
| Can’t Say | Insufficient information | If "Some A are B", we can't say "Some A are not B" |
Key Rules
- Treat statements as absolute truth - Never question the given information
- No external knowledge - Use only what's provided in the statements
- Definite vs. Possible - Distinguish between what must be true vs. what might be true
- Some ≠ All, All ≠ Some - Don't confuse quantifiers
30 Practice Questions with Detailed Answers
Question 1
Statement: All cats are mammals. All mammals are animals.
Conclusions: I. All cats are animals. II. Some animals are cats.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both I and II follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: If all cats are mammals and all mammals are animals, then all cats are animals (transitive property).
- II follows: If all cats are animals, then some animals are cats (conversion is valid for universal affirmative).
Question 2
Statement: Some engineers are doctors. All doctors are professionals.
Conclusions: I. Some engineers are professionals. II. All professionals are doctors.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: Some engineers are doctors + All doctors are professionals = Some engineers are professionals.
- II does not follow: The statement says all doctors are professionals, not vice versa.
Question 3
Statement: If it rains, the ground becomes wet. The ground is wet.
Conclusions: I. It has rained. II. The ground might be wet for another reason.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: This is the fallacy of affirming the consequent. The ground could be wet due to watering, cleaning, etc.
- II follows: Since we can't be certain it rained, other reasons are possible.
Question 4
Statement: All smartphones have cameras. No camera is cheap.
Conclusions: I. No smartphone is cheap. II. Some cameras are in smartphones.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: All smartphones have cameras + No camera is cheap = No smartphone is cheap.
- II follows: All smartphones have cameras implies some cameras are in smartphones.
Question 5
Statement: Most students who study hard pass the exam. Rahul passed the exam.
Conclusions: I. Rahul studied hard. II. Rahul might not have studied hard.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: Rahul could be among the minority who passed without studying hard.
- II follows: Since passing doesn't guarantee studying hard, Rahul might not have studied hard.
Question 6
Statement: All managers are leaders. Some leaders are innovators.
Conclusions: I. Some managers are innovators. II. All innovators are leaders.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: The innovators who are leaders might not include any managers. The middle term "leaders" is not distributed in the second premise.
- II does not follow: "Some leaders are innovators" doesn't mean all innovators are leaders.
Question 7
Statement: No lion is a herbivore. All deer are herbivores.
Conclusions: I. No lion is a deer. II. No deer is a lion.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- No lion is a deer: Lions aren't herbivores, deer are herbivores - no overlap.
- No deer is a lion: Conversion of conclusion I.
Question 8
Statement: Only educated people can vote. Rahul can vote.
Conclusions: I. Rahul is educated. II. All educated people can vote.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: "Only educated people can vote" means voting → educated. Since Rahul can vote, he must be educated.
- II does not follow: "Only educated people can vote" doesn't mean all educated people can vote (there might be other requirements like age).
Question 9
Statement: Many companies are facing losses. Company X is a company.
Conclusions: I. Company X is facing losses. II. Company X might be profitable.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: "Many" doesn't mean "all." Company X could be among the profitable ones.
- II follows: Since we can't conclude X is facing losses, it might be profitable.
Question 10
Statement: All rectangles are quadrilaterals. All squares are rectangles.
Conclusions: I. All squares are quadrilaterals. II. Some quadrilaterals are squares.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: All squares are rectangles + All rectangles are quadrilaterals = All squares are quadrilaterals.
- II follows: If all squares are quadrilaterals, then some quadrilaterals are squares.
Question 11
Statement: If a person is rich, they own a car. Priya owns a car.
Conclusions: I. Priya is rich. II. Priya might have bought the car with a loan.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: Affirming the consequent. Owning a car doesn't mean one is rich (middle-class people also own cars).
- II follows: Since we can't conclude Priya is rich, she might have bought the car through other means like a loan.
Question 12
Statement: Some teachers are professors. All professors are scholars.
Conclusions: I. Some teachers are scholars. II. All scholars are professors.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: Some teachers are professors + All professors are scholars = Some teachers are scholars.
- II does not follow: "All professors are scholars" ≠ "All scholars are professors."
Question 13
Statement: No fruit is a vegetable. Tomato is a fruit.
Conclusions: I. Tomato is not a vegetable. II. Some fruits are tomatoes.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: Tomato is a fruit + No fruit is a vegetable = Tomato is not a vegetable.
- II follows: If tomato is a fruit, then some fruits are tomatoes.
Question 14
Statement: Either Rahul is honest, or he is clever. Rahul is not honest.
Conclusions: I. Rahul is clever. II. Rahul might be neither honest nor clever.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: In an exclusive "either/or" with one option eliminated, the other must be true.
- II does not follow: The statement explicitly rules out "neither" by presenting only two options.
Question 15
Statement: All athletes are fit. Some fit people are strong.
Conclusions: I. Some athletes are strong. II. All strong people are fit.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: The fit people who are strong might be completely different from athletes.
- II does not follow: "Some fit people are strong" doesn't imply all strong people are fit.
Question 16
Statement: Most IT professionals work night shifts. Rohan works night shifts.
Conclusions: I. Rohan is an IT professional. II. Rohan might work in a different industry.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: Many professions (BPO, healthcare, security) have night shifts.
- II follows: Since we can't conclude Rohan is in IT, he might work in a different industry with night shifts.
Question 17
Statement: All birds have wings. All winged creatures can fly.
Conclusions: I. All birds can fly. II. Some flying creatures are birds.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: All birds have wings + All winged creatures can fly = All birds can fly.
- II follows: If all birds can fly, then some flying creatures are birds.
Note: In reality, ostriches and penguins can't fly, but in logical reasoning, we treat statements as absolute truth.
Question 18
Statement: Only prime numbers are odd. 9 is an odd number.
Conclusions: I. 9 is a prime number. II. The statement itself is incorrect.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: If only primes are odd (meaning odd → prime) and 9 is odd, then 9 is prime.
- II does not follow: In logical reasoning, we never question the truth of given statements, even if factually incorrect.
Question 19
Statement: No student failed. All who didn't fail will get certificates.
Conclusions: I. All students will get certificates. II. Some certificate recipients are students.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: No student failed + All non-failures get certificates = All students get certificates.
- II follows: Since all students get certificates, some certificate recipients are students.
Question 20
Statement: Some A are B. Some B are C.
Conclusions: I. Some A are C. II. No A is C.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- A and C might overlap, or they might not.
- Example: Some dogs are brown. Some brown things are cars. This doesn't tell us about dogs and cars.
Question 21
Statement: If it is Sunday, the shop is closed. The shop is not closed.
Conclusions: I. It is not Sunday. II. It might be Sunday with special hours.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: This is modus tollens (If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P). If Sunday → closed, and not closed → not Sunday.
- II does not follow: It contradicts the logical deduction from the statement.
Question 22
Statement: All successful people are hardworking. No lazy person is successful.
Conclusions: I. All hardworking people are successful. II. No successful person is lazy.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: Hard work is necessary but not sufficient for success.
- II follows: "No lazy person is successful" converts to "No successful person is lazy."
Question 23
Statement: Ravi is taller than Suresh. Suresh is taller than Mahesh.
Conclusions: I. Ravi is taller than Mahesh. II. Mahesh is the shortest among the three.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: Ravi > Suresh > Mahesh, so Ravi > Mahesh (transitive).
- II follows: Since there are only three people and Mahesh is shorter than both others, he is the shortest.
Question 24
Statement: Some roses are red. All red things are beautiful.
Conclusions: I. Some roses are beautiful. II. All beautiful things are red.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: Some roses are red + All red things are beautiful = Some roses are beautiful.
- II does not follow: "All red things are beautiful" ≠ "All beautiful things are red."
Question 25
Statement: Either the meeting is today, or it is cancelled. The meeting is not cancelled.
Conclusions: I. The meeting is today. II. The meeting might be tomorrow.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: In an exclusive disjunction, eliminating one option confirms the other.
- II does not follow: It contradicts the logical necessity that the meeting is today.
Question 26
Statement: All doctors have degrees. Some degree holders are unemployed.
Conclusions: I. Some doctors are unemployed. II. All unemployed people have degrees.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: The unemployed degree holders might not include any doctors.
- II does not follow: "Some degree holders are unemployed" ≠ "All unemployed have degrees."
Question 27
Statement: Many software engineers know Python. Rahul knows Python.
Conclusions: I. Rahul is a software engineer. II. Rahul might be a data scientist.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I does not follow: Python is used in many fields (data science, automation, scripting, education).
- II follows: Since we can't confirm Rahul is a software engineer, he might be a data scientist (who also uses Python).
Question 28
Statement: No reptile is a mammal. All snakes are reptiles.
Conclusions: I. No snake is a mammal. II. Some mammals are not snakes.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: All snakes are reptiles + No reptile is a mammal = No snake is a mammal.
- II follows: If no reptile (including snakes) is a mammal, then mammals must be different from snakes.
Question 29
Statement: A few companies offer remote work. Company Y offers remote work.
Conclusions: I. Company Y is among the few companies offering remote work. II. Most companies don't offer remote work.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: "A few" companies offer remote work, and Company Y is one of them.
- II does not follow: "A few" doesn't necessarily mean "most don't." It could be many or even most.
Question 30
Statement: All multiples of 10 are multiples of 5. All multiples of 5 end in 0 or 5.
Conclusions: I. All multiples of 10 end in 0 or 5. II. Some numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples of 10.
Options: A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows
- I follows: All multiples of 10 are multiples of 5 + All multiples of 5 end in 0 or 5 = All multiples of 10 end in 0 or 5.
- II follows: Multiples of 10 end in 0, so they are among numbers ending in 0 or 5.
Tricks to Solve Statement-Conclusion Questions
1. Draw Venn Diagrams
Visual representation helps clarify relationships:
- All A are B: Circle A inside circle B
- No A is B: Separate circles
- Some A are B: Overlapping circles
2. Apply Syllogism Rules
| Premise 1 | Premise 2 | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| All A are B | All B are C | All A are C ✓ |
| All A are B | Some B are C | Some A are C ✓ |
| Some A are B | All B are C | Some A are C ✓ |
| Some A are B | Some B are C | No definite conclusion ✗ |
3. Check Distribution
A term is distributed if the statement makes a claim about all members of that class:
- "All A are B" - A is distributed
- "No A is B" - Both A and B are distributed
- "Some A are B" - Neither is distributed
- "Some A are not B" - A is distributed
4. Watch for Quantifiers
- All/Every/Each: Universal affirmative
- No/None: Universal negative
- Some/Many/Few: Particular affirmative
- Some...not: Particular negative
5. Conversion Rules
| Original | Valid Conversion |
|---|---|
| All A are B | Some B are A |
| No A is B | No B is A |
| Some A are B | Some B are A |
| Some A are not B | No valid conversion |
FAQs
Q1: How many statement-conclusion questions appear in placement exams?
A: Usually 3-5 questions, sometimes combined with syllogisms.
Q2: What is the difficulty level?
A: Ranges from easy to moderate. Complex syllogisms can be challenging.
Q3: Should I use real-world knowledge?
A: No. Always treat given statements as absolute truth, even if factually incorrect.
Q4: How to handle "probably true" vs "definitely true"?
A: Read the question carefully. "Definitely true" requires logical necessity; "probably true" allows reasonable inference.
Q5: Which companies ask these questions most?
A: TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Cognizant, Accenture - all frequently include syllogism and statement-conclusion questions.
Practice these questions multiple times to build speed and accuracy. Good luck with your placements!